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Out of the Armchair Filed Under:
Here's a sneak preview at upcoming posts I'm working on:

- All about fieldwork ( with a special focus on answering the question, do we all have to spend 2 years in the field to be good anthropologists?) and the good, the bad and the ugly parts of doing fieldwork from the people who've been there.

- How to get a job with your anthropology degree/Why you should employ an Anthropologist

- Three more "Conversations" are in the pipeline

- And a special post to answer questions that I've had so far

Also, for anyone going to the American Anthropological Association conference next week, here's a no-bullshit guide to what conferences are all about on the Savage Minds blog. Have fun in N'awlins!

Come back soon!

P.S. I'm also working on making the blog accessible in Swedish and French, but you can also hit the translate button and Google will magically give you a (hopefully) accurate enough rendition in other languages of your choosing!

Sveriges antropologförbunds årliga konferens 2011 är i Göteborg!

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(Sorry, only in Swedish!)
SANT Konferens 2011
 Tidens Gång

Institutionen för Globala Studier
Göteborgs Universitet
13-15 Maj

Öppnar nu för paneler och enskilda papers

Keynote och paneldebatt
Professor Ulf Hannerz öppnar konferensen med att ge sin syn på svensk antropologis förflutna, vart tiden har tagit ämnet under de senaste årtiondena och vart det kan bära hän i framtiden.

Söndagen avslutas med en paneldebatt på temat ”Antropologins framtid i Sverige”. Se uppdateringar på hemsidan för mer information.

Tema
Sveriges Antropologförbund firar 2011 sitt tjugoårsjubileum vilket givit inspiration till temat för SANTs årliga konferens: Tidens Gång.

Tidens gång har präglat antropologins utveckling sedan ämnets begynnelse då det alltid haft ett kritiskt perspektiv i förhållande till dominerande trender och sanningar. Dess tvärkulturella perspektiv medvetandegjorde också att uppfattningar om tid, vare sig det gäller att dela in dagen i timmar och sekunder, eller en förståelse av kosmologisk förändring i episka cykler, var kulturellt betingade.

Antropologins kritiska ansats möjliggör en dekonstruktion och problematisering av vedertagna tidsbegrepp och deras relation till socio-kulturella uttryck. Tid utgör dels bakgrunden mot vilken studier om social och kulturell förändring positioneras och dels utgör den själva studieobjektet. Frågor rörande vilka sociala aktörer som tillskrivs auktoritet att kontrollera vår tid, uppfattning av den och relation till den är av central betydelse för att förstå samhällelig förändring. Historia och framtid, kulturarv och globalisering är, för att bara nämna några dagsaktuella begrepp, genomsyrade av olika föreställningar om att tider obönhörligt förändras eller bör bevaras, vilket väcker förväntningar, längtan och motstånd.

I dag måste antropologin också förhålla sig till nya trender i det forskningspolitiska landskapet där gränserna mellan socio- politiska och akademiska grupperingar omförhandlas, förstärks eller upplöses.
Konferensens tema väcker därmed både frågor kring relationen mellan kultur och tid och om antropologins historia och framtid.

Konferensen kommer att följa tre ”spår”. Det första spåret behandlar ”Kulturella aspekter av tid” där vi samlar bidrag som berör tid i relation till olika socio-kulturella fenomen och de bidrag som närmar sig frågor om hur tid ”kontrolleras” och konstrueras. Det andra spåret ”Antropologi i tiden” tar upp antropologins historia och framtid. Här berörs frågor om ämnets relevans, hur det påverkats och förhållit sig till olika tiders ”etos” och politiska svängningar samt dagens krav på, till exempel, ”nytta” och ”produktivitet”. Det finns också ett tredje ”öppet spår” för bidrag som behandlar andra ämnen än tid.

Vi bjuder nu in alla att presentera antingen paneler eller enskilda papers i de olika spåren. Panelerna kan vara fokuserade kring vissa aspekter, teman eller regioner. Vill ni föreslå en panel förutsätter vi att det finns minst tre ”commited” papers. Man kan också presentera enskilda papers i något av spåren.

Deadline och anmälan
Deadline för abstracts och paneler är söndagen 13 mars.

Enskilda papers: Skicka ett abstract på max en sida till sant@globalstudies.gu.se. Märk mejlet med ”Abstract”. Inkludera namn och kontaktadress. Klargör också vilket ”spår” papret avser att placera sig i.
Panelförslag: Skicka ett abstract på max en sida till sant@globalstudies.gu.se med en presentation av panelens tema samt en lista över de paper som ingår. Bifoga även (om möjligt) abstracts på papren. Märk mejlet ”Panel”. Inkludera namn och kontaktadress för panelansvarig. Klargör också vilket ”spår” panelen avser att placera sig i.

Anmälan till konferensen och betalning startar i Januari. Kostnaderna är inte beräknade ännu men vi kommer att hålla dem så låga som möjligt. För information se konferensens hemsida.

Lokaler
Alla paneler, presentationer och måltider kommer att vara i Annedalsseminariet på Institutionen för Globala Studier i Göteborg. Alla salar är fullt utrustade med audiovisuella hjälpmedel.

Tidtabell
Konferensen äger rum 13-15 maj.

Fredagen 13 Maj: Konferensen öppnar med registrering och mingel.

Lördagen 14 Maj: Key note samt de tre spåren. Dagen avslutas med gemensam middag.

Söndagen 15 Maj: Spåren fortsätter och konferensen avslutas med en paneldebatt på temat Antropologins framtid.

Observera att tiderna är preliminära.

Conversation #1

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Christiane Schwab
Out of the Armchair presents “Conversations”, a sort of getting-to-know-you segment with anthropologists from around the world to get an insight into the world of anthropology and explore the diversity of anthropological research.

Today I’m happy to present to you Christiane Schwab, PhD candidate at Ludwig-Maximilians Universität in Munich, Germany, who was kind enough to be the first interviewee for Out of the Armchair. I met with Christiane in California, where she is currently a Visiting Scholar at the Institute of European Studies at UC Berkeley, to talk about her research and her views on the value of anthropology today. 

Christiane’s PhD research has its base in urban anthropology. “I’m researching the particularities, the character, the atmosphere of cities, and how it can be grasped methodologically and theoretically.” The project deals specifically with the city of Seville as a symbolic system. Her fieldwork involves a lot of participant observation, interviews, collecting urban legends, material from books, newspapers, and across disciplines such as architecture and history. Focusing on Spain was an easy choice for Christiane as she minored in Spanish language and literature, as well as intercultural communication, before beginning her PhD. She also spent a year living and studying in Seville while she was an undergraduate. Urban anthropology hasn’t always been her field though; for her MA dissertation she focused on historical anthropology, which remains a strong interest for her.

So what got Christiane interested in anthropology to begin with? After six months living in South America while still in high school, Christiane became interested in the cultural differences in societies. Her experience in South America inspired her to go on to study something that would let her explore these cultural idiosyncrasies. “I searched online for an education in this area because all I knew of was what we had been taught in school – sociology” but the emphasis on quantitative research methodologies common in sociology put her off. “I also think that there is too much emphasis on methodology in sociology rather than the subject of the study itself. I feel that it should be more balanced. Both sociology and anthropology are equal though, there are things in both subjects that can enrich and offer insights to the other” she comments.

I asked Christiane to comment on why she thinks anthropology should be valued and studied in the world today. “Anthropology should, and probably will, gain importance in our ‘globalized’ world as it’s really the only discipline that deals with cultural differences, and it has a long history of dealing with issues linked to that,” she answered. “I think that many notions from anthropology should be taught and form a basis for research in other disciplines too such as psychology. I often read reports on findings in psychology that seem to assume that cultural differences just don’t matter, or that they can even affect the data collecting process.” Other disciplines should be more self-reflexive like modern anthropology then? “Yes, definitely.”

Christiane also advocates teaching anthropology at a high school level, arguing that it can have practical advantages for everyone and promote intercultural understanding. “It’s really important for schools and teachers, especially in increasingly multicultural societies. Even concepts of ‘teacher’ and ‘family’ can be different for different people for example.”

To end the interview I asked Christiane what, for her, were the best and worst parts about doing a PhD. ”The best part about in doing a PhD is being able to follow your interests, being self-determined. You organize yourself and configure your own time. You also get to travel, learn, do something useful without being submitted to economical reasoning. I also like the diversity of it; I get to teach, read, write, organize events, etc.” And the worst or difficult parts? ”The hardest part is the financial situation... it’s also tough to get acknowledgement from people around you, you feel a bit out of place because you’re not a student anymore but you’re also not a ’real working person’.”

Christiane will be presenting her research at the UC Berkeley on November 29th, 4 pm. Click here for more information.

For more information about Christiane’s research and contact information, check out her profile on LMU’s website here.

Anthropolo-what now?

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Anthropology is traditionally defined as the study of humankind. That's an incredibly broad scope but it's true. Pretty much anything you can think of is being or has been researched by anthropologists. Even among the small group of anthropologists that I know personally there is huge diversity - security after natural disasters, material culture and cultural heritage, gender politics in South East Asia, life in a Palestinian refugee camp to name a few. And that's just the broad topics, listing all the sub-areas that come up while researching and writing on those topics would take all day. You can also find anthropologists working on and in probably every country in the world.

So if anthropologists research everything, what makes anthropology different to other disciplines? Firstly, ethnographic fieldwork. Traditionally anthropologists spend a long time living amongst the people that they're researching; the average is probably a year (although I have met PhD students who have spent two years in their field and others who have spent 5 months). The time scale varies according to the topic of research (and funding!) but long term fieldwork has been an important part of fieldwork since Malinowski (more on him another day). The idea is that long term fieldwork betters your understanding of the people you are interested in and builds a rapport and, hopefully, a relationship of trust between you. Think about it this way, how much of the ins and outs of your daily life would you be willing to reveal to a stranger who appeared out of the blue and is staying in your community for a couple of months, compared to someone you've known a long time and trust? Also long-term fieldwork allows anthropologists to spend a lot of time observing. This is important because people often say one thing but then go ahead and do something that's completely contradictory. A conducting research by participant-observation, although nowadays practiced to some degree by other social science disciplines, is traditionally an anthropological method.

Another defining characteristic of anthropology is its emphasis on holism (also another reason for long fieldwork!) It's important to understand a phenomenon in its context, see how it interrelates or is linked to other aspects of life, instead of just looking at it in isolation. Here's a good explanation of the concept: 

"Holism requires, for example, that a fieldworker studying the rituals of a people must investigate how those rituals are influenced by the people's family life, economic forces, political leadership, relationships between the sexes, and a host of other factors" (Peoples and Bailey 2008, 13).

To summarize: it's anthropology's approach that makes it distinctive - its methodologies and its framing of  issues (or in other words: the questions we ask, the way we get data, and the way we analyse and write about the data). Anthropology also has a particular emphasis on understanding and theorising "culture", and the diverse cultural lives and cultural experiences of different people around the world.

I'm not going to spend more time on defining anthropology in this blog post as I'd be here forever (people have, after all, written whole books on the subject). In future blog posts I'll write about  anthropology's issues, methods, history, famous people, etc. in more detail and as well as the debates that surround them. You'll also get a better idea of anthropological concepts through reading about the work of anthropologists that I'll be posting about. For now, here are some resources online that are good introductions to anthropology:

Alan MacFarlane (Emeritus Professor of Anthropological Science at Cambridge University) has made a series of video lectures on anthropology that you can watch. I'll be linking to his videos in future posts too.

The American Anthropological Association has a good introductory section which also includes the "Four Fields" approach to anthropology.

You can also read some of Pocock and MacClancy's Understanding Social Anthropology online.

See you next time!

Disclaimer: In the U.S. anthropology is traditionally taught as having four broad subject areas (socio-cultural anthropology, biological/physical anthropology, archaeology, and linguistics) but that's not the case in Europe where the last two are separate disciplines and courses in physical anthropology aren't offered in many places. As I have only ever studied social anthropology, and only in Europe, I don't talk so much about the other aspects that come up in American academic traditions in this blog but I'll provide links to better informed websites for those interested in those areas.

Sources:
Peoples, James, and Bailey, Garrick. Humanity: An Introduction to Cultural Anthropology. Wadsworth Publishing, 8th edition, 2008.